Autism

What is autism?

Autism, clinically called autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition. It affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, and experiences sensory input. Many autistic people and advocates describe autism as a natural variation in how brains work, with both strengths and challenges.

Signs

Signs of autism generally fall into two areas:

• Social communication and interaction: differences in eye contact, conversation, understanding unspoken social rules, or developing relationships.
• Restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests: repetitive movements or speech, a strong preference for routine, intense focused interests, and sensory sensitivities (for example, to sound, light or textures).

These signs can occur with autism, but only a qualified professional can provide a diagnosis.

Diagnosis

In children, developmental screening and assessment by specialists such as developmental pediatricians, child psychologists or psychiatrists can lead to diagnosis — sometimes by age two. Adults can be assessed by clinicians experienced in adult autism, often through interviews, questionnaires and developmental history.

Support

There is no one-size-fits-all approach. Support may include speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, educational and workplace accommodations, and therapy for co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or ADHD. Therapists who adapt their approach for autistic clients can be especially helpful.

Self-care

Understanding your sensory needs, planning recovery time after demanding social situations, and connecting with autistic communities can reduce stress and support well-being.