How to Recognize Signs of Depression

Depression is more than sadness

Many people picture depression as constant tearfulness. In reality, it can look very different from person to person. Some people feel numb or empty; others feel irritable, exhausted or unable to concentrate. Recognizing the less obvious signs can help you or someone you care about get support sooner.

Emotional signs

• Persistent low, empty or hopeless mood
• Losing interest in hobbies, friends or activities you used to enjoy
• Irritability or a short temper
• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Feeling numb or disconnected

Physical signs

• Tiredness that rest doesn’t fix
• Sleeping much more or much less than usual
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Aches, pains or digestive problems without a clear cause
• Moving or speaking more slowly

Thinking and behavior

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Withdrawing from others
• Neglecting responsibilities or self-care
• Using alcohol or other substances more
• Thoughts of death or suicide

These signs can occur with depression, but they can have other causes too. Only a qualified healthcare professional can provide a diagnosis.

Signs in someone you care about

You might notice a friend or family member canceling plans, seeming flat or irritable, sleeping at unusual times, or talking negatively about themselves. Gently sharing what you’ve noticed, listening without trying to fix everything, and encouraging professional support can make a real difference.

What to do next

• Talk to a doctor or mental health professional about what you’re experiencing.
• Learn about depression and treatment options.
• Tell someone you trust.